What is Bipolar Disorder?

 

 Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a mood disorder characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and activity. People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania (extremely elevated mood, energy, and activity) and depression (extremely low mood, energy, and activity). These mood swings can range from severe highs to debilitating lows, and the frequency and duration of these episodes can vary.

There are two main types of bipolar disorder:

Bipolar I Disorder: This form involves manic episodes lasting at least seven days or requiring hospitalization. Depressive episodes typically last at least two weeks.

Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes (less severe than manic episodes).

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Stress, traumatic events, or major life changes can trigger or worsen episodes.

Bipolar disorder is treated with medications such as mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants, in combination with psychotherapy. Though the condition can be managed, it often requires ongoing treatment to help stabilize mood and prevent episodes.